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LC-13 Atlas Agena - Mariner 3 October 1964 (Photo credit - AF Space & Missile Museum)
The evolution of the Space Launch Complexes took another leap forwards with LC-13. Launch Complex 13 was the first of the launch sites at Cape Canaveral to have an integral loading ramp.
The loading ramp was designed so that the rocket could be delivered to the launch pad on a low loader which was reversed up the ramp. Once in place the rocket was erected and the transport removed. The loading ramp cannot be seen from the view to the left as it is behind the rocket and the umbilical gantry. See below for a modern image of the ramp.
This complex is the first to have a lot of infrastructure actually built into the launch pad, a lot of which still survives today. Interestingly there are a pair of aluminium doors leading into work areas that flap around in the breeze today.
Missions flown from this pad include OPS, AFP, OGO, Lunar Orbiter, Vela and Mariner 3.
Between February 1962 and October 1963 the pad was converted for use by the Atlas-Agena rockets. The modifications to the pad were more extensive than the conversions of LC-12 and LC-14, with the mobile service tower being demolished and replaced with a new, larger tower.
As can be seen from the image to the left LC-13 had a huge service structure that was mounted on a twin rail system. The service structure was rolled back for launch into the position that this image was taken from.
From its first launch on August 2 1958 until the last launch on April 7 1978 52 rockets were launched from LC-13. The USAF operated the site until 1966 when it was turned over to NASA for 6 flights before being returned to the USAF .
